1. Gluconeogenesis: The universal pathway for synthesis of glucose. 2. Biosynthesis of glycogen, starch, and sucrose. 3. CO2 fixation in plants (the Calvin Cycle). 4. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in plants
Types of chemotaxins – C5a attracts neutrophils and monocytes – Made by bacteria Peptide clipped off N-terminus (beginning with Nformylmethionine) during peptide maturation after protein synthesis
Constitutive Defenses Barriers to entry – See Schaechter text, Table 6.1 Mucous membranes—covered by protective layer of mucus – Mechanical and chemical barrier that allows proper functioning
Choosing an Animal Model Pathogen may not affect animal at all -ORmay give different symptoms Given disease may have a number of animal models, none of which fully satisfies characteristics of disease
General aspects – Remember definition: organisms frequently found on or within body of healthy individuals – Most are bacteria, but some are viruses, fungi, and protozoa
Microbial pathogenesis—process of causing disease Colonization—presence of microbes at site of body – Does not imply tissue damage or disease symptoms – Does imply invasion of site and multiplication
