the present era of technological advances, particularly in the various imaging modalities, there is a growing conception among practicing physicians in cardiovascular medicine that bedside physical examination is unnecessary and does not provide useful information

Definition Clinically apparent increase in the interstitial (间质) fluid volume Weight gain precedes overt edema Weight loss in edematous patients before “dry weight Massive edema is called Anasarca

Diarrhea Definition increase in the frequency of bowel movements increase in stool liquidity in some cases increase in daily stool weight

Jaundice Definition Accumulation of yellow pigment in the skin and other tissues bilirubin)

Definition: Palpitation may be defined as an awareness of the beating of the heart, an awareness most commonly brought about by change in the heart's rhythm or rate or by an augmentation of its contractility

Mechanism Blood velocity1 Blood vascosity Valve: narrowed or incompetent; organic or relative Abnormal connection Vibration of loose structure Diameter of vessel ^or

Definition Peptic Ulcer Disease is defined as an ulcer occurring in a region that touches gastric aci d(胃酸) and pepsin(胃蛋白酶) and usually refers to gastric ulcer(胃溃疡) or duodenal ulcer (十二指肠溃疡)

Importance of Inquiry Gaining clinical information and collecting case history based on systemic inquiry Base of clinical practice *60~80% diagnosis could be induced from interview between patient and physician New form: consultation by phone, in internet

Respiratory Function Test Spirolmetry Airway resistance compliance Diffusion capacity measure CO Exercise respiratory function test

CONTENT Definition of hematuria Etiology Clinical feature Differential diagnosis Laboratory tests Accompanied symptoms