一、自发辐射受激辐射 1自发辐射 原子在没有外界干预的情况下,电子会由处于激发态的高能级E2自动跃迁到低能级E1,这种跃迁称为自发跃迁.由自发跃迁而引起的光辐射称为自发辐射

Recall from lecture 22 °Flow value:f=f(s,V) Cut: Any partition (S, T)of y such that s E S andt∈T Lemma. f=f(s, T) for any cut(S, T) Corollary. f(s, T) for any cut(S, T) Residual graph: The graph G=(v, ef) with strictly positive residual capacities c u, v) c(u,)-f(2y)>0

Paths in graphs Consider a digraph g=(v, E)with edge-weight function w:E→>R. The weight of path p=v1→ →>…→> vi is defined to be (D)=∑(n,1)

Ch. 3 Estimation 1 The Nature of statistical Inference It is argued that it is important to develop a mathematical model purporting to provide a generalized description of the data generating process. A prob bility model in the form of the parametric family of the density functions p=f(:0),0E e and its various ramifications formulated in last chapter

Ch.8 Nonspherical Disturbance This chapter will assume that the full ideal conditions hold except that the covari- ance matrix of the disturbance, i.e. E(EE)=02Q2, where Q is not the identity matrix. In particular, Q may be nondiagonal and / or have unequal diagonal ele- ments Two cases we shall consider in details are heteroscedasticity and auto-

Ch. 6 The Linear model under ideal conditions The(multiple) linear model is used to study the relationship between a dependent variable(Y) and several independent variables(X1, X2, ,Xk). That is ∫(X1,X2,…,Xk)+ E assume linear function 1X1+B2X2+…+6kXk+E xB+ where Y is the dependent or explained

Ch. 20 Processes with Deterministic Trends 1 Traditional Asymptotic Results of OlS Suppose a linear regression model with stochastic regressor given by Y=x!3+e,t=1,2,…,T,;B∈R or in matrix form y=xB+E We are interested in the asymptotic properties such as consistency and limiting

一、方差的定义 定义1.为一RV,若EX-E()2存在,则称之为RVX的方差,记作D()、Var(或O (),即D(=[-E()2.称D()为R的标准差或均方差

2005年数学二试题分析、详解和评注 一、填空题(本题共6小题,每小题4分,满分24分.把答案填在题中横线上) (1)设y=(1+sinx),则dy =-ndx. 【分析】本题属基本题型,幂指函数的求导(或微分)问题可化为指数函数求导或 取对数后转化为隐函数求导 【详解】方法一:y=(1+sinx)x= xInsin,于是 '=e(+) [In(+sin)+x. cos ] y'=e

delta=beta*1.554*1e-9/(2*pi*3e-7); disp2=23: ps 2/km for ml=1: fix(z/h) DI=exp(( j*(i*w1)+i*0. 5*disp2*(i*w1).2)*h/2) ul=fft(u).*D1 u2=ifft(ul) D2=exp( deltas*(i*w1)+i*0.5*dsp2*(*w1).2)*h/2) vl=fft(v).米D2 v2=ifft(v1)