一、构成性转录因子SP1对持家基因的调控作用 1、 Housekeeping(constitutive) genes(持家基因):细胞内的蛋白质编码基因,维持细胞的基本过程。 2、SP1结合于保 GGGCGG守性序列的GC丰富序列,该序列位于许多持家基因的启动子中

▪ 真核基因结构与转录活性 ▪ 真核基因表达特点 ▪ DNA水平的调控 ▪ 转录水平的调控:顺式作用元件和反式作用 因子 ▪ 其他水平的调控:mRNA的加工、mRNA的 翻译、蛋白质加工修饰

Transcription is very similar to DNA replication but there are some important differencesi 1 RNA is made of ribonucleotides 2. RNA polymerase catalyzes the reaction 3. The synthesized RNa does not remain base-paired to the template DNA strand 4. Less accurate(error rate: 10-4)

 掌握基因概念及结构特点；中心法则；基因转录调控相关序列；多顺反子，单顺反子；真核基因与原核基因的结构特点。  熟悉基因突变的意义  了解基因命名法

Staudinger(施陶丁格):高分子科学的奠基人 一、1920年发表论文“聚合反应”(德国化学会通讯) 二、1930年高分子学说逐渐被接受 三、突破有机化学的传统观念,首先提出了高分子观念

自然辩证法是马克思主义哲学的一个分支学 科,是人们借以认识自然界和改造自然界的辩 证思维方式,是关于自然界和科学技术发展的 一般规律以及人们认识自然和改造自然的一般 方法的科学

翻译:指将mRNA链上的核甘酸从一个特定的起 始位点开始,按每三个核甘酸代表一个氨基酸的原则 ,依次合成一条多肽链的过程

8.1 Introduction 8.2 Chaperones may be required for protein folding 8.3 Post-translational membrane insertion depends on leader sequences 8.4 A hierarchy of sequences determines location within organelles 8.5 Signal sequences initiate translocation 8.6 How do proteins enter and leave membranes? 8.7 Anchor signals are needed for membrane residence 8.8 Bacteria use both co-translational and post-translational translocation 8.9 Pores are used for nuclear ingress and egress 8.10 Protein degradation by proteasomes

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Codon-anticodon recognition involves wobbling 7.3 tRNA contains modified bases that influence its pairing properties 7.4 (There are sporadic alterations of the universal code) 7.5 tRNAs are charged with amino acids by synthetases 7.6 Accuracy depends on proofreading 7.7 Suppressor tRNAs have mutated anticodons that read new codons 7.8 The accuracy of translation 7.9 tRNA may influence the reading frame

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Transfer RNA is the adapter 5.3 Messenger RNA is translated by ribosomes 5.4 The life cycle of bacterial messenger RNA 5.5 Translation of eukaryotic mRNA 5.6 The 5 end of eukaryotic mRNA is capped 5.7 The 3 terminus is polyadenylated 5.8 Bacterial mRNA degradation involves multiple enzymes