Extensional Fault Systems A- Evolutionary model illustrating progressive extension accommodated by block rotation above a low-angle extensional fault. B-Listric fault with hangingwall rollover anticline. Area and B are equal. C-Flat/ramp geometry of fault produces geometrically necessary folding in hangingwall
Classification of folds (continue) Based on four main features or properties: 1 direction of closing and facing 2 attitude of axial surface 3 size of inter-limb angle, and 4 shape of profile 5 dip isogons
地球内部过程 Tsunamis海啸 and Coastal Flooding Coastal areas, especially around the Pacific Ocean basin where so many large earthquakes occur, may also be vulnerable易于to tsunamis