The principle of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was first reported in 1971 (Kleppe et al., 1971), but it was only after the discovery of the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase (Saiki et al., 1988; Lawyer et al., 1989) that this technology became easy to use
troduce different notations. Some consider “NTP” a general term for deoxynucleotides, but the absence of the letter “d” indicates a ribonucleotide to others. Commercial literature also describes ribonucleotides as “RTP’s.” If the letter “d” is present, the name describes a deoxynucleotide. If “d” is absent, check the literature
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, primary RNA transcripts undergo various alteration or processing events to become mature RNAs: The three commonest types are: 1, nucleotide removal by nucleases; 2, nucleotide addition to the 5’- or 3’-end, 3, nucleotide modification on the base or thesugar