一、生产函数的概念 1.定义 描述生产技术状况给定条件下，生产要素的投入量与最大产出量之间的物质数 量关系的函数式

一、对生产要素的需求和派生需求 （一）生产要素的类型 1.土地——地租 2.劳动——工资 3.资本——利息 4.企业家职能——企业利润

一、成本的含义 1.定义 生产某种产品一定产量所耗费的各种生产要素的总价值

Structure Describe budget constraint -Algebra Graph Describe changes in budget constraint Government programs and budget constraints on- -linear budget lines

Structure Endowments(禀赋) Budget constraints with endowments Net demands -Price offer curve Example: Labor supply Comparative statics Slutsky equation revisited

Structure Present and future values Intertemporal budget constraint Preferences for intertemporal consumption Intertemporal choice Comparative statics Valuing securities

Exchange Economies (revisited) No production, only endowments,so no description of how resources are converted to consumables. General equilibrium: all markets clear simultaneously. 1st and 2nd Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics

Structure Money equivalent of utility gains to trade Consumer's' surplus Changes in consumer's' surplus Compensating and equivalent variations Producer's' surplus

一、1(5分)当边际产量递减时,规模报酬也一定递减

Structure Utility function(效用函数) Definition Monotonic transformation(单调转换) Examples of utility functions and their indifference curves Marginal utility(边际效用) Marginal rate of substitution边际替代率 MRS after monotonic transformation