Definition: Palpitation may be defined as an awareness of the beating of the heart, an awareness most commonly brought about by change in the heart's rhythm or rate or by an augmentation of its contractility

IMPORTANTCE! Despite recent advances in neuroscience and the continuing development of sensitive diagnostic procedures, the essential skill required for the diagnosis remains the clinical neurologic examination Most neurologic diagnosis can be made on the basis of the history alone

Jaundice Definition Accumulation of yellow pigment in the skin and other tissues bilirubin)

Diarrhea Definition increase in the frequency of bowel movements increase in stool liquidity in some cases increase in daily stool weight

Fever .Normal body temperature 37°C, Circadian variation oral T00.5> axillary(腋温)

Definition Clinically apparent increase in the interstitial (间质) fluid volume Weight gain precedes overt edema Weight loss in edematous patients before “dry weight Massive edema is called Anasarca

INTRODUCTION Palpation of the pulse Measurment of arterial blood pressure Auscultation of blood vessels

the present era of technological advances, particularly in the various imaging modalities, there is a growing conception among practicing physicians in cardiovascular medicine that bedside physical examination is unnecessary and does not provide useful information

In the present era of technological advances, particularly in the various imaging modalities, there is a growing conception among practicing physicians in cardiovascular medicine that bedside physical examination is unnecessary and does not provide useful information

Coughing is an essential defense mechanism that it prevents the airways from the foreign substance and clear the excretion of respiratory tract. Coughing is a reflex. permanent and frequent coughing indicates an abnormality