1 多道程序技术和程序并发执行的条件 2 Process Concept 3 Process Scheduling 4 Operation on processes 5 Interprocess Communication (进程间通信, IPC) 6 Example of IPC Systems 7 Communication in C/S Systems

1 I/O Hardware and I/O control methods Polling (轮询方式) Interrupts (中断方式) Direct Memory Access (DMA方式) I/O hardware summary 2 Application I/O Interface Block and Character Devices Network Devices Clocks and Timers Blocking (阻塞) and Nonblocking (非阻塞) I/O 3 Kernel I/O Subsystem I/O Scheduling Buffering (缓冲机制) Caching, Spooling & device reservation Error Handling I/O Protection Kernel Data Structures 4 Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations 5 Performance

1 Background and System Model 2 Deadlock Characterization Necessary Conditions Resource-Allocation Graph Methods for Handling Deadlocks 3 Deadlock Prevention (死锁预防) 4 Deadlock Avoidance (死锁避免) Safe State (安全状态) Resource-Allocation Graph Scheme Banker’s Algorithm (银行家算法) 5 Deadlock Detection (死锁检测) and Recovery

一、燃油简介 质量指标 (一)十六烷值 (二)密度 (三)粘度 (四)凝点、浊点、倾点 (五)机械杂质和水分 (六)热值 (七)闪点

• Process Concept – Program vs process – Process in memory & PCB – Process state • Processes Operations – Process creation, program execution, process termination – UNIX example: fork(), exec*(), wait()

Computer System Operation A modern computer system System boot Interrupt I/O Structure I/O Structure I/O operation DMA Storage Structure and Storage Hierarchy Storage Structure Storage hierarchy Hardware Protection Hardware Protection General System Architecture General System Architecture system call Computing Environments

电刺激治疗仪 心脏除颤器 高频电刀 微波热疗治癌仪 射频热疗仪 超声治疗仪 体外冲击波碎石机 体外反搏装置 电化学治癌仪 远红外理疗仪

Demand Paging (按需调页) Copy-on-Write (写时复制) Page Replacement (页面置换) Allocation of Frames Thrashing (抖动) Memory-Mapped Files Allocating Kernel Memory Other Issues Operating System Examples

一、流体机械的损失分类: 1、流动损失(水力损失)△H(或h、4p):摩 擦损失、冲击损失、分离损失、二次流损失、叶 端损失 本质上是压力损失

第一节流体在叶轮中的运动分析 一、叶轮流道(叶片)投影图及主要尺寸