We have seen that the work done by a force F on a particle is given by dw =. dr. If the work done by F, when the particle moves from any position TI to any position T2, can be expressed as, W12=fdr=-(V(r2)-V(1)=V-v2, (1) then we say that the force is conservative. In the above expression, the scalar
十九世纪末,已经分离得到了许多引起传染病的细菌,但对一些传染病如口蹄疫、烟 草花叶病等却一直无法获得其病原细菌。1892年俄国学者伊万诺夫斯基(Ⅵ B a B KHⅱ)首次发现烟草花叶病的感染因子可以通过细菌滤器。1898年荷兰生物学家贝哲林 克(M.W. Beijerinck)进一步肯定了伊万诺夫斯基的结果,并将这类感染因子称为病毒 ( Virus)