1.Genes can be mutated in many ways 2. Somatic versus germline mutations 3. Types of mutation effects

A. Historical background B. Phenotypes in populations C.Genes in populations D.Mapping disease genes E. Complex disorders

复旦大学：《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）Single gene disorder_Alexander Endler

1. Indications for prenatal diagnosis 2. Methods for obtaining fetal tissues for prenatal diagnosis 3. Analytical methods 4. New methods for prenatal diagnosis

A.The human genome and its chromosomes B. The origin of chromosome abnormalities C. Chromosome disorders

A. Historical Background B. Patterns of inheritance C. Genetic mutations D. Prenatal diagnosis

复旦大学：《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）Chromosome related diseases and Chromosomal disorders Alexander Endler

1. General 2. oncogene 3. Tumor Suppressor Genes 4. Multi-stage Carcinogenesis

Medical Genetics Mutations (changes) in the mitochondrial chromosome are responsible for a number of disorders

伟大的孟德尔 锲而不舍的Prusiner 杰出的简悦威 聪明的Watson和Crick 遗憾的徐道觉 悲剧的Avery