Acetylenic hydrogens can be deprotonated with relatively strong bases (sodium amide is typical)

1. The experimental conditions — temperature and acid concentration — that are required to being about dehydration are closely related to the structure of the individual alcohol. The relative ease with which alcohols undergo dehydration is in the following order:

Alkenes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon double bond. Alkynes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon triple bond

SN2 reactions are highly useful in organic synthesis because they enable use to convert one functional group into another —— functional group transformation (functional group interconversion)

First order overall (一级反应) The reaction is a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution（单分子亲核取代反应）

The C—X bond of alkyl halides is polarized. The carbon atom bears a partial positive charge, The halogen atom a partial negative charge

一、原理的提出: 1965年伍德沃德和霍夫曼(R.b. Woodward,r. Hoffmann) 在系统研究大量协同反应的试验事实的基础上 从量子化学的分子轨道理论出发 提出了轨道对称性原理

第一节实验室的操作安全 第二节实验室安全用电 第三节温度测量技术 第四节气体流量的测量技术 第五节压力测量技术

(1)实验方案的拟定; (2)实验设计 (3)主要实验设备的设计和选择 (4)管道和仪表的设计和选择; (5)实验流程的组织 (6)实验流程的安装和调试

The different arrangements of atoms caused by rotation about a single bond are called conformations (构象)of the molecule, and a specific conformation is called a conformer (构象异构体, conformation isomer). An analysis of the energy changes that a molecule undergoes as groups rotate about single bonds is called a conformational analysis (构象分析)