一、名词解释（20 分，每小题 2 分） 1. 递进变形：从初始状态至最终状态之间，岩石变形的全过程，用于理解和描述变形 过程（演化）。）

地球内部过程 Tsunamis海啸 and Coastal Flooding Coastal areas, especially around the Pacific Ocean basin where so many large earthquakes occur, may also be vulnerable易于to tsunamis

一、解释下列术语： 1. 双重构造；2. 有效应力；3. 铲状断层；4. 花状构造；5. 石香肠构造与窗棂构造

10、水资源、土壤资源、矿物资源、 11、能源(煤、油、气、核能、太阳能、风能、地热、潮汐能、水能、生物能)

7、 Mass Wasting Processes表层整体再塑 滑坡、泥石流、溶蚀、塌陷) 8、海岸线与海岸塑造过程 9、生态与植被

7, Mass Wasting Processes 表层整体再塑 (滑坡、泥石流、溶蚀、塌陷)

6、Pre降水、江河与洪水 7、 Mass Wasting Processes表层整体再塑 (滑坡、泥石流、溶蚀、塌陷) 8、海岸线与海岸塑造过程 9、生态与植被

Complete the block diagrams for the following features. Be sure to include the appropriate map symbols on your drawings. Inclined anticline with hinge surface

1. What is the significance of the concept of \principal stress\? 2. Sketch a 2D stress ellipse for the case 01=5GPa and 02= 2GPa where 01 is vertical

1. Place all books and notes on the floor. 2. Read each question carefully, then read it again. 3. ThinkThinkThinkThinkThink