第二讲环境-经济系统论 一、环境资源系统 二、社会经济系统 三、环境经济大系统

一、课程介绍 教材:《通信经济学》 中观经济学/部门经济学/产业经济学/应用经济学

Arbitrage Pricing Theory Arbitrage-arises if an investor can construct a zero investment portfolio with a sure profit Since no investment is required, an investor can create large positions to secure large levels of profit

Fourth Edition Advantages of the Single Index Model Reduces the number of inputs for diversification. Portfolio of 50 assets 50 expected returns;50 variances 1225 covariance. too difficult a task

INVESTMENTS Two-Security Portfolio: Return rp =W+W2r2 W Proportion of funds in Security 1 W2 Proportion of funds in Security 2 =Expected return on Security 1

Capital allocation The choice of proportion in safe asset and proportion in risky asset; Most institutional investors follows top- down analysis---The first part is asset allocation and the next part is security selection decision

INVESTMENTS h Ealiti Risky Investments with Risk-Free Irrvestrent

Course overview The focus of this course is on financial theory and empirical evidence that are useful for investment decisions. The topics include: Financial theory: This include portfolio theory, CAPM, APT, discount factor model, they are important for decision-making in investments;

Discount model is in terms of conditional moments The first order condition is,u'( BE, [u'(c )x 1] The expectation is conditional expectation on investor's time t information; The basic pricing equation is P, =E, (m +1X1+)

Predictions and applications CAPM: in market equilibrium, investors are only rewarded for bearing the market risk; APT: in the absence of arbitrage, investors are only rewarded for bearing the factor risk Applications: ---professional portfolio managers: evaluating security returns and