recognition by most T cells from recognition by B iction. In most cases, both th maturati vation of ma the involver diversity o CD4\ and CD class I MHC Activat Engagement of TcR by Peptide: MHC Initiates interaction of th n antigenic Signal Transduction tide displayed though the sp

response involves lymphoid cells, inflammatory cells, and hematopoietic cells. The complex inter- lls are mediated by a group of pro- les to denote their role in secreted by body in activity of cyto- Class I Cytokine Receptors receptors,signal ptors, the role of cytokine Properties of Cytokines

ne system assume different roles in pro- the host. The effectors of the humoral molecules f cells Big CTL Attacks Little Tumor Cell Effector Responses General Properties of Effector Cells Cytotoxic T Cells Natural Killer Cells Antibody-Dependent- Cell-Mediated- Cytotoxicity Experimental Assessment of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity

effector molecules that act to remove antigen b ren various mechanisms described in previous chap es antigen without A Second Exposure to Poison Oak May Result in Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Gell and Coombs Classification IgE-Mediated (Type I) Hypersensitivity Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic(Type) Hypersensitivity aImmune Complex-Mediated (Type Ill) Hypersensitivity

the early vaccination trials of Edward Jenner and oneering efforts, vac nce of diseases such ng cougl Vaccination with DN A Active and Passive Immunization Designing Vaccines for Active Immunization mWhole-Organism Vaccines Purified Macromolecules as Vaccines Recombinant-Vector Vaccines DNA Vaccines Multivalent Subunit Vaccines mmon usage. Experience has shown that not every vaccine

realized that the immune system could go awry and, instead of reacting against foreign antigens, could focus its attack on self-antigens. He termed this con- dition\horror autotoxicus \We now understand that while mechanisms of self-tolerance normally protect an individual from potentially self-reactive lymphocytes, there are failures They result in an inappropriate response of the immune system against self-components termed autoimmunity In the 1960s, it was believed that all self-reactive lymphocytes

has declined become the se led only by heart di person in three in the that one in five will die spective, cancer cells ca ch ing particular a Cancerous melanoma cells. nized by the ir d cers Cancer: Origin and Terminology The final section des

一、气体 1理想气体状态方程 2混合气体分压定律 二、液体 1气体的液化 2液体的气化:蒸发、沸腾 3蒸气压计算

附录1词汇表 al gori thm(算法):为完成一个特定任务而进行的一系列动作(例如,一些计算步骤) browser(浏览器):用来访问万维网的程序,超文本标识语言(HTM)使得浏览器可以在 不同的计算机平台上以相同的方式来显示一个网页。 characters and character states(特性及状态):在系统发生学中,特性指不同物种之 间的同源的特征。这些特征在某个个体上的具体表现称为状态。例如,对于“发色”,可以 有“金色”,“红色”,“黄色”等几种状态。在分子生物学中,状态可以是4种核苷酸 (A,T,C,G)之一,或20种氨基酸之一。也有一些作者将” character”定义为状态。 client(客户端):与远端计算机(服务器)交互的一台计算机或计算机上运行的软件

一、免疫器官 1、中枢免疫器官(一级免疫器官): 提供免疫活性细胞