▪ component urinary organs: kidneys micturition organs: ureter, bladder and urethra ▪ function ✓ discharge metabolite ✓ regulate the balance of water and electrolyte ✓ endocrine function: renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandin
1. Introduction 2. Antigenicity and specificity 3. Requirements for immunogenicity 4. Types of antigens 5. Superantigen ,immunological adjuvants and mitogen