1个核心:整个生命周期都是“绿色” 2个主体:保护环境、资源再生 3个部分:原材料、制造工艺、废物处置 4个内容:绿色设计、绿色制造、绿色物流、回收利用

2. Electron microscopy Transmission Electron microscopy (TEMs) Scanning Electron microscopy (SE 1) Transmission Electron microscopy (TEMs) 1931 Ruska

Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Industrial Microbiology is the discipline that uses microorganisms, usually grown on a large scale, to produce valuable commercial products or carry out important chemical transformations. Fermentation Technology is the technology to grow cells in large scale with high efficiency, it also includes product recovery processes

Chapter 5 Macromolecules and Molecular Genetics DNA Replication Complementary base pairing Semiconservative Template and primer From 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl end DNA polymerase and ligase A short stretch of RNA serves as primer Primase: a specific RNA-polymerizing enzyme

Arrangement of DNA in Prokaryotes Vertebrates Algae Fungi Free-living prokaryotes Obligately parasitic Bacteria Chloroplasts Nudleod Mitochondria Viruses

Cell Biology Tool for studying microbiology: Microscopes and Microscopy Microscope: (a) Bright-field (b) Phase contrast (c) Dark-field (d) Fluorescence

Ribosomal RNAs as Evolutionary Chronometers Reasons: Ancient molecules Functionally constant Universally distributed Moderately well conserved in sequence across broad phylogenetic distances

Chapter 7 Regulation of Gene Expression Regulation of Enzyme Activity Constitutive enzymes -Enzymes induced by specific circumstances Two major modes of regulation in the cell Control the activity of preexisting enzymes Control the amount of an enzyme

Eukarva: Eukaryotic Microorganisms Algae: Phototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms Fungi: Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls Slime molds: nonphototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls and that aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime molds) or masses of protoplasm (acellular slime

Questions for microbial ecology 1. What is Microbial Ecology and What do microbial ecologists study? 2. What is a microevironment? 3. Describe biofilms and their functions and significance in practical applications 4. What are the factors affecting microbial ecology? 5. List methods commonly used to study microbial ecology