Substitution reactions occur when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products. In a substitution, one replaces another

17.7 Lithium Enolates 17.8 α-Selenation: A Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 17.9 Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones

If a chiral atom attached to the carbonyl group, the stereoselectivity of nucleophilic addition follows the Cram’s rule

Alkenes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon double bond. Alkynes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon triple bond

One complication associated with alkene hydration is the occurrence of arrangements

Acetylenic hydrogens can be deprotonated with relatively strong bases (sodium amide is typical)

The most characteristic reaction of aldehydes and ketones is nucleophilic addition to the carbon-oxygen double bond

厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第九章 醛和酮 9.3.4 α -活泼氢的反应 LDA Lithium diisopropylamide 二异丙氨基

9.1 醛 酮的结构 命名和物理性质 Structure, Nomenclature and Physical Properties 9.2 醛酮的制备 Preparations

厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第八章 醇和醚 Alcohols and Ethers 8.2 醚 Ethers