Astronomers crave a detector sensitive enough to detect a single photon and determine its energy. A new single-pixel device can do this, and could also be built up into a large array suitable for a telescope
Serine proteases : to promote a reaction that is almost immeasurably slow at neutral pH in the absence of a catalyst. 将pH 7.0几乎不发生 的反应(蛋白质水解)进行下去 -Carbonic anhydrases: to achieve a high absolute rate of reaction,suitable for integration with other rapid physiological processes. 加速以与其他快速生理过程融合 -Restriction endonucleases, to attain a high degree of specificity.实现 酶切反应的高度特异性 - NMP kinases: to transfer a phosphoryl group from AT P to a nucleotide and not to water.磷酸基团从ATP转移给另一个核苷酸(而不 会转移到水分子)
Interpretation over a singleton Let I be , and σ ∈ ΣI. 1. I(A)(σ) = I(∀xA)(σ). 2. I(t)(σ) = a. 3. I(Sx1,···,xn t1,···,tn A)(σ) = I(A)(σ). 4. I0(P), σ(P) ∈ {I(n), Ψ(n)} for every n-ary predicate constant (variable), where