Mission of Economists Gary Becker: believe that the main purpose of economics is to understand and help to alleviate poverty\ Who are the poor? How can one help?

Structure What causes monopoly Profit-maximizing- choices of monopoly Markup pricing Taxing monopoly Inefficiency of monopoly Natural monopoly(自然垄断)

Structure Market environments Market demand for a competitive firm Short-run- supply decision Upward sloping MC curve Shut- down condition Long -run- supply decision Comparing long-run- and short--run decisions Producer's' surplus and profits

Structure Economic profit Short-run- profit maximization -Comparative statics Long- run profit maximization Profit maximization and returns to scale Revealed profit maximization

Structure Definition When to provide a public good Efficient provision Private provision: free-riding Variable quantities of public good -Efficient amount Free-riding problem How to provide public goods? Demand revelation

The Theory of Economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy. It is a method rather than a doctrine. an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking which helps its possessor to draw correct conclusions John Maynard Keynes

Information in Competitive Markets In purely competitive markets all agents are fully informed about traded commodities and other aspects of the market. What about markets for medical services, or insurance, or used cars?

本门课的教学目标和要求:本课程主要以北京大学张国庆教授的《现 代公共政策》教材为蓝本,吸收了国内外最新的研究动态和成果,总结了公共政 策教学中的实践经验进行编写制作。通过本课程的教学,应使学生比较全面系统 地掌握公共政策的基本理论、基本范畴、基本知识和基本方法,认识在现代社会 发展进程中公共政策的重要地位、公共政策与环境的关系、了解公共政策的规划、 制定和执行的过程等,开阔学生分析问题的思路,培养和提高学生分析问题和解 决问题的能力,以使学生能够较好地适应市场经济条件下政府公共政策实践的需 要,更好地服务于社会主义市场经济建设

Chapter 10 includes: 10. 1 Introduction to Factor Market 10.2 The market demand for the factors of Production 10.3 Labor Market equilibrium 10. 4 Other Factors of Production -Land and Capital 10.5 Monopoly and monopsony power in the labour market

The plasma membrane has a dual responsibility as a selective ely permeable barrier and transductor. The plasma membrane regulares the traffic of molecules into and out of the cell. Gases and small hydrophobic molecules by passive diffusion transport; Ions, sugars, amino acids, and sometimes water must be transported by a group of integral membrane proteins including