Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Diseases of the Blood in Children Anemias Nutritional anemias (Iron deficiency iron) Hereditary spherocytosis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency Thalassemia Bleeding disorders(Hemorrhagic diseases) ITP Hemophilia

一、小儿血液系统疾病 Diseases of erythrocytic system: 二、红细胞系统疾病: Hematopoietic substances deficiency; 三、造血原料缺乏; Nutritional iron deficiency anemia 四、营养性缺铁性贫血 nutritional megaloblastic anemia 五、营养性幼性贫血

Hematologic Disorders of Children 一、小儿血液系统疾病 Diseases of erythrocytic system: 二、红细胞系统疾病: Hematopoietic substances deficiency; 三、造血原料缺乏; Nutritional iron deficiency anemia 四、营养性缺铁性贫血 nutritional megaloblastic anemia

Classification of Newborn 1、 Gestational age(胎龄) 足月儿: fullterm infant, mature infant∞37w~<42w 早产儿: preterm infant, premature infant<37w 过期产儿: postterm infant≥42w

1. Causes Hypoxia Perinatal asphyxia, apnea, respiratory failure, right to left shunt Ischemia Heart arrest, Heart failure, Shock

一、了解胎儿循环及出生后的变化。 二、熟悉先天性心脏病的病因和分类,诊断方法。 三、掌握常见先心病的血液动力学、临床表现常见并发症、诊断和治疗原则

噬菌体T,DNA长约50um E -coli- DNA长约1mm 人生殖细胞DNA长约1m 双链环状DNA(double stranded cyclic DNA, DSCDNA 双链环状DNA在自然界是广泛存在的如一些病毒DNA、 一些噬菌体DNA、细菌质粒DNA、线粒体和叶绿体DNA等

一、激素的概念和类别 (一)概念 激素(hormone)是生物体内特殊的腺体或组织产生的,直接分泌到体液中,通过体液运送到特 定的部位,从而引起特殊激动作用的一群微量的有机化合物