Thawing has received much less attention in the literature than either chill- ing or freezing. In commercial practice there are relatively few controlled thawing systems. Frozen meat, as supplied to the industry, ranges in size and shape from complete hindquarters of beef to small breasts of lamb, although the major- ity of the material is 'boned-out' and packed in boxes ca. 15 cm thick weigh- ing between 20 and 40kg. Thawing is usually regarded as complete when the centre of the block or joint has

The increased application of temperature legislation in many countries. coupled with economic requirements to maximise throughput, minimise weight loss and operate refrigeration systems in the most efficient manner, has created a very large demand for process design data on all aspects of

The appearance of meat at its point of sale is the most important quality attribute governing its purchase. The ratio of fat to lean and the amount of marbled fat are important appearance factors and another is the colour of the meat. The changes in colour of the muscle and blood pigments (myoglobin and haemoglobin, respectively) determine the attractiveness

The quality of fresh meat exposed for retail sale is initially judged on its appearance. The presence of exudate or'drip', which accumulates in the container of prepackaged meat or in trays or dishes of unwrapped meat, substantially reduces its sales appeal (Malton and James, 1983). Drip can be referred to by a number of different names including purge loss',press loss'and 'thaw loss'depending on the method of measurement and when it is measured. In general, beef tends to lose proportionately more drip than pork or lamb. Since most of the exudate comes from the cut ends of muscle fibres

USDA Generic HACCP Model for raw United states Department of griculture Ground meat Food Safety and Inspection Service and Poultry

一、填空题 1、冰的导热系数在0℃时近似为同温度下水的导热系数的4倍,冰的热扩 散系数约为水的5倍,说明在同一环境中,冰比水能更快的改变自身的温度。水 和冰的导热系数和热扩散系数上较大的差异,就导致了在相同温度下组织材料冻 结的速度比解冻的速度快。 2、一般的食物在冻结后解冻往往有大量的汁液流出,其主要原因是冻结后 冰的体积比相同质量的水的体积增大9%,因而破坏了组织结构

Additional copies of the Guidebook for the Preparation of haccP plans and the generic hAcCP Models are available from U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service(FSIS) Office of Policy, Program Development, and Evaluation(OPPDE Inspection Systems Development Division Room 202, Cotton Annex Building

一、概述 风味:这个概念是在1986年Hall.R.L提出的,是指摄入口腔的食物使人的感觉器官, 包括味觉、嗅觉、痛觉、触觉和温觉等所产生的感觉印象,即食物客观性使人产生的感觉印 象的总和

一、概述 根据蛋白质的分子组成,蛋白质可分为两类: 简单蛋白质:仅含有氨基酸的蛋白质; 结合蛋白质:由氨基酸和非蛋白质成分组成。结合蛋白质中的非蛋白质成分称为辅基。 根据辅基的不同可将结合蛋白质分为: 核蛋白:如核糖体蛋白, 脂蛋白:如高密度脂蛋白, 糖蛋白:如血浆粘蛋白, 磷蛋白:如酪蛋白

Thermally Processed, Commercially sterile GENERIC HACCP MODEL FOR THERMALLY PROCESSED. COMMERCIALLY STERILE PRODUCTS Introducti The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point(HACCP) system is a scientific approach to process control. It is designed to prevent the