Lecture 28: Substitution and Ellipsis 1 Substitution 1.1 Definition Substitution is a grammatical device for avoiding repetition and achieving textual cohesion. There are three kinds of substitution: nominal substitution, verbal substitution, and clausal substitution, and therefore there are three kinds of substitutes: nominal substitutes, verbal substitutes, and clausal substitutes. In addition, there are adverbial substitution and adverbial substitutes

What is Online Learning? In an online lesson, the computer displays material in response to a learner's request. The computer promotes the learner for more information and presents appropriate material based on the learners response. The material can be traditional lessons and tests that are transcribed into a computer program. The material can also be a complex program that tracks users'input and

Oral Test for New Integrated English Band(1-B) 1. Read the following passage and you are expected to answer the questions based on it. A certain old gentleman was very unhappy about modern education, and thought that young people nowadays were not being taught the importance of knowing the

1. Besides the ways introduced in para1, what other traditional ways do you know the Chinese have to predict earthquakes Water in the well becomes muddy, Seismoscope/Seismograph invented by Zhang Heng Mice run in the street fearlessly 2. What is the most dangerous part in the earthquake to most people? Falling building

Oral Test for New Integrated English Band(2-B) 1. Do you think that examinations should be cancelled? 2. What is your favorite book? And why do you like it? 3. Have you ever done a part-time job? Do you think it is a good way to prepare yourself for you future career?

1、本卷的第一部分至第四部分的答案做在答题卡上。请必用铅笔按要求涂卡。. What oes Laura's' mother think of Laura? 2、本卷的第五部分(作文)写在答题纸(最后一页)上 A. Laura really needs a full-time job

Test on New Integrated English Test A(Band II, June, 2004) Part I Listening Comprehension (20%) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the dialogues and the questions will be spoken

Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of three sections Section A Conversations(10%) DirectionS: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause

Part I Listening comprehension(20) Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. There are two sections here Section A Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 10-recorded conversation on it. After each conversation, there is a recorded question. The conversations and dialogues will be spoken only once. When you hear a question

Oral Test for New Integrated english BandⅡ(2-A) Directions: Answer one of these questions briefly in no less than 100 words. You will be given three minutes to prepare for it. Marks will be given on both accuracy and fluency of your spoken English. 1. To be dependent on parents is a bad habit of young man. Do you agree with it? Why