Live difficult diagnosis clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal impression(antibodies only appear very late) Dead- brain sent to Onderstepoort Negri bodies in cytoplasm of brain cells; immunofluorescence virus isolation

Viral gastroenteritis It is thought that viruses are responsible for up to 3/4 of all infective diarrhoeas Viral gastroenteritis is the second most common viral illness after upper respiratory tract infection

Categories of Respiratory Viruses Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza virus Paramyxoviridae: Parainfluenza virus, Mumps virus; Measles, Respiratory syneytical virus Togaviridae: Rubella virus Coronaviridae: corona irus, sars virus Adenoviridae: human Adenovirus picornaviridae: Rhino virus;

What does a pathogen have to do? Infect (infest) a host Reproduce(replicate) itself Ensure that its progeny are transmitted to another host

Spirochetes Gram negative Long, thin, helical, motile axial filaments locomotion between peptidoglycan layer/outer membrane runs parallel

Mycoplasmas a group of the smallest organisms that can be free living in nature, Pass bacterial filter and also grow on laboratory media. More than 80 species, belong to Mycoplasmatales of mollicute. 3 families can be divided:

Actinomyces Israelii Anaeslundii a Gram positive sulfur granule; Related to decay tooth and peridentitis

Vibrio sp Gram-negative rods Curves or comma shaped Non-spore forming Highly motile-single polar flagella Associated with salt water Oxidase positive

哈尔滨医科大学：《医学微生物学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）狂犬病病毒（Rabies Virus）

哈尔滨医科大学：《医学微生物学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）