John lyons gives us ten sentences to discuss what meaning is: )What is the meaning of “sesquipedalian? (signify) 2)I did not mean to hurt you (intend)

Blending is a process of word formation by which word is created by combinin ag parts of other words. Words formed in this way are called blends. From morphological viewpoints, there are four types of blending:

The English people are of mixed blood. At the beginning of the fifth century Britain was invaded by three tribes from the Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes

1. Morphology In American English, a number of irregular verbs have become regularised, while remaining irregular in British English: a)In many instances, it is only the voicing of the past tense morpheme -(e)d which has been changed to regularise the verb:

THE MOTIVES FOR EUPHEMIZING The motives for generating euphemisms are as diverse and as universal as the range of human emotions

Restriction of Meaning Restriction of meaning means that a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower, specialised sense which is applicable to only one of the objects it had previously denoted

（1) A word once reserved for female persons in high places is generalised to refer to people of all levels in a society:

The term lexicology contains two Greek morphemes: lexikon and logie. The former means \word, the latter means“learningor“the study of

一、古今词义异同的三种情况 (一)古今词义基本相同 这类词的意义直到今天仍旧是几千年前的意义,几乎没有发生变化。如:人、日、曰、山、水、风、手等。这类词多属于基本词汇。 (二)古今词义完全不同

第1节语音的发展 第2节语法的发展 第3节词汇和词义的发展