A1, A,----two arbitrary constants S S2----real numbers or conjugate complex Since the s,t and s,t must be dimensionless, S,, S2----(1/s)

The complete response of any RC circuit may also be obtained as the sum of the natural and the forced response

Let us assume a solution i(t=Ae, where a and S, are constant to be determined

4-5 Simple capacitor-OP-AMP-circuits Integrator op-amp circuit (Integrator):

Two circuits are dual if the mesh equations that characterize one of them have the same mathematical form as nodal equations that characterize the other

A current-carrying conductor produced a magnetic field (1800). A changing magnetic field could induce a voltage in a neighboring circuit(1820)

The voltage follower is a circuit in which the output is identical to the input

The operational amplifier (hereafter OP-AMP)is developed in the 1940s primarily for use in analog computers, made cheaply and readily available in the late 1960s through integrated-circuit technology. The actual construction of a modern OP-AMP is indeed very complex, involving many transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors

One of the main uses of Thevenin's and Norton's theorems is the replacement of a large part of network very simple equivalent

Mesh analysis is applicable only to those networks, which are planar. If it is possible to draw the diagram of a circuit on a plane surface in such a way that no branch passes over or under any other branch, then that circuit is said to be planar circuit. (Non-planar-circuit