我一生中最具革命性的思想 “根据这里的假设,当一束光从点光源发出时,它的能量不是随体积增大而连续分布, 而是包含一定数量的能量量子,这些能量量子在空间的局域存在,不随运动而分裂,并只作 为一个整体被吸收和发射

整个科学的发展与全人类的文化是分不开的,在西方是这样,在中国也是如此。可是科 学的发展在西方与中国并不完全一样。在西方,尤其是如果把希腊文化也算作西方文化的话, 可以说,近代西方科学的发展和古希腊有更密切的联系。在古希腊时也和现代的想法基本相 似,即觉得要了解宇宙的构造,就要追问最后的元素是什么

Nobel Lecture december 13. 1946 The history of the discovery of the exclusion principle m, for which I have received the honor of the Nobel Prize award in the year 1945, goes back to my students days in Munich. While, in school in Vienna, I had already ob- tained some knowledge of classical physics and the then new Einstein rel- ativity theory, it was at the University of Munich that I was introduced by Sommerfeld to the structure of the atom- somewhat strange from the point of view of classical physics. I was not spared the which every

氢原子问题补充材料 1.连带 Lagurre多项式及其母函数

Daniel E Prober is in the Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, NewHaven, Connecticut 06520-8284 USA. e-mail: daniel.prober@yale.edu Astronomers crave a detector sensitive enough to detect a single photon and determine its energy. new single-pixel

The events leading to the discovery of tunnelling supercurrents took place while I was working as a research student at the Royal Society Mond Labo- ratory, Cambridge, under the supervision of Professor Brian Pippard. During my second year as a research student, in 1961-2, we were fortunate to have as a visitor to the laboratory Professor Phil Anderson, who has made numerous

Ever since last Novem ber, I have been wanting to ex press in person my gratit ude to the generas ity of Alfred Nobel, to w hom i ow e it t hat I am privileged be here today, es pecial y since ill ness prevented me from doi ng so at the proper time. the idealism w hic h permeated his char acter led him to make his magnifice nt foundation for the benefit of a cl ass of men with w hose aims and view poi nt his ow n scienti fic instincts and a bility had made him naturally his

Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920 The genesis and present state of development of the quantum theory If i take it correctly that the duty imposed upon me today is to give a public lecture on my writings, then i believe that this task, the importance of which i am well aware through the gratitude felt towards the noble-minded founder of our Foundation, cannot be more suitably fulfilled than by my trying to give you the story of the origin of the quantum theory in broad outlines and to couple with this, a picture in a small frame of the development of this theory up

根据光谱实验和量子力学计算,已十分清楚 （一)基态原子的电子构型/分布规律/原则 第一,多电子原子中不同n、原子轨道的能级高低不同 (这里不包含量子数m和m,因一般没有磁场) 我国科学家徐光宪教授首先总结出:

1959年阿哈罗夫-玻姆提出在量子力学可适用 的微观态中A和有可观测的物理效应,这 一效应被称为A-B效应。 A-B效应表明,在量子物理中磁场的物理效 应不能完全用来描述,矢势可以对电子发 生相互作用。但是由于的任意性,用它描 述磁场显然又过多