一、概述 二、定义: 1、肾小球滤过膜的通透性增高 2、大量血浆白蛋白从尿中丢失 3、引起一系列病理生理改变 4、临床综合征:

一、病因学 二、病理与发病机理 三、临床表现 四、诊断与鉴别诊断 五、并发症及后遗症 六、治疗

遵义医科大学第一临床学院：《儿科学》课程教学资源（教学大纲）理论教学大纲（供法医学、预防医学、临床药学、口腔医学等专业使用）

概述 病因和发病机制 病理 临床表现 辅助检查 诊断与鉴别诊断 治疗 预后

遵义医科大学第一临床学院：《儿科学》课程教学资源（教学大纲）理论教学大纲（供五年制本科临床医学、医学影像学、医学美容、麻醉学、临床医学教改班等使用）

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Diseases of the Blood in Children Anemias Nutritional anemias (Iron deficiency iron) Hereditary spherocytosis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency Thalassemia Bleeding disorders(Hemorrhagic diseases) ITP Hemophilia

1. Causes Hypoxia Perinatal asphyxia, apnea, respiratory failure, right to left shunt Ischemia Heart arrest, Heart failure, Shock

Vitamin D roles Facilitate intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus Promote renal reabsorption of phosphorus Direct effect on bone deposition and reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus Maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis