博弈论或称对策论(Game Theory),直译为 游戏理论。现实生活中的游戏有两个基本特征 :一是至少有两人参加;二是参与人的决策相 互影响。如打扑克、下象棋顾客与商人的讨价 还价、寡头厂商之间的产量决策和价格决策等 。因此我们把具备上述两个特征的活动统称为 博弈。博弈论就是用数学方法研究决策相互影 响的理性人是如何进行决策以获取最大收益的

R·B·迈尔森教授的《博弈论一矛盾冲突分析》一书，全面透彻地考察了非合作博弈及合作博弈的数学模型，阐明了博弈论的方法原理，讨论了展开型博弈的序贯均衡和策略型博弈均衡的精炼，综述了通信博弈、重复博弈、不完全信息贝叶斯博弈等专题，并吸收了博弈论的最新进展。全书内容丰富，取材精练，叙述深人浅出，思想方法与应用并重，特别是在经济理论方面的富有成效的应用。阅读本书所需要的数学知识只是微积分、线性代数和概率论等方面的基本知识，因而适合于本科生高年级和研究生低年级学生，以及想了解博弈论基本方法及其在经济理论中运用的经济学家阅读使用

博弈论是研究人们在各种战略情况下如何行事的理论,又被称为对策论或策略论,在近 来成为经济学研究的一大热点。但是对于博弈论中的逻辑推理却很少有人加以注意。 先以一个为大家所熟知的例子来引出博弈,即田忌赛马的故事。齐王请田忌赛马,田忌 的马队不如齐王的马队,田忌用孙膑的计谋用最差的马对齐王最好的马;用最好的马对齐 王中等的马,用中等 的马对齐王最差的马,结果以二比一胜了齐王

Eco514 Game Theory Lecture 13: Repeated Games(2) Marciano Siniscalchi October 28, 1999 Introduction [Again, by and large, I will follow OR, Chap. 8, so will keep these notes to a minimum.] Review of key definitions

Eco514 Game Theory Problem Set 3: Due Thursday, October 28 1. Asymmetric Auctions Consider an interdependent-values auction with two bidders, each of whom observes an i.i.d uniform signal E [0, 1]. Bidder i's valuation for the object is equal to vi

Eco514 Game Theory Problem Set 5: Due Tuesday, November 23 From OR:226.1,227.1,229.1,237.1,243.1 For 243.1, also prove that the reputational equilibrium is sequential

Eco514 Game Theory Lecture 2: (Iterated)Best Response Operators Marciano Siniscalchi September 21, 1999 Introduction This lecture continues the analysis of normal-form games. We analyze general, non-zerosum games, emphasizing the informal\equation\: Rational Behavior+ Assumptions about Beliefs=Solution Concepts

Eco514 Game Theory Lecture 15: Sequential Equilibrium Marciano Siniscalchi November 11, 1999 Introduction The theory of extensive games is built upon a key notion, that of sequential rationality, and a key insight, the centrality of off-equilibrium beliefs. The definition of sequential equilibrium

◼ Introduction to static games of incomplete information ◼ Normal-form (or strategic-form) representation of static Bayesian games ◼ Bayesian Nash equilibrium ◼ Auction

Eco514 Game Theory Lecture 11: Subgame Perfection Marciano Siniscalchi October 21, 1999 Introduction The notion of subgame perfection is the cornerstone of the theory of extensive embodies its key intuitions-and provides a vivid example of the difficulties inhere games