3.4无机材料的断裂过程 3.4.1概述 断裂与塑性形变的比较 塑性形变是位错(微观缺陷)运动的结果,说明实际 晶体在远低于理想晶体的屈服强度的应力下,发生塑 性形变。 断裂力学说明材料的断裂是裂纹(宏观缺陷)扩展的 结果。实际晶体在远低于理论强度的应力下,发生断 裂 两者有相似之处、差异、和相关点

电磁波是从变化的电荷、电流系统辐射 出来的。宏观上,主要是利用载有高频交 变电流的天线产生辐射,微观上,一个做 变速运动的带电粒子即可产生辐射 本节仅讨论电荷分布以一定频率做周期 运动,且电荷体系线度远远小于电荷到观 测点的距离的情况

1. Please express the model of natural rate of unemployment according to blanchards book and then give your comments 2. How can you explain the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves. How they are different from the usual definition on demand and supply curves

(Continued with question 1 in exercise for chapter 3). Suppose instead of given 2000 there is an investment function which takes the form Above, i is the interest rate. Meanwhile there is a demand function for money Md=1.2Y-20000i Assume that the monetary base is equal to 2000 while the required reserve ratio is 1 ). What is the equilibrium level of output Y and interest rate?

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Defintion: GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced by a country Final versus Intermediate By final\, we mean the goods and service that are purchased for final use by purchaser and not for resale or further processing. The meaning intermediate is opposite to final

Introduction The objective of this chapter is to study ho lOW money and interest rate is determined in the money and financial market The money and financial market is the market in which money and various financial assets(such as, bonds and stocks) are exchanged

Introduction The objective of this chapter is to study how employment is determined in the labor market We are considering the labor market in which the following relation should always hold:

Introduction The objective of this chapter is to move from theory to empiric. Specially, we shall study how macroeconomic policies can be applied to solve practical macroeconomic problems

Course description Macroeconomics is the most disputed, confused, yet excited field in economics. This course introduces you how economists think about those macroeconomic problems such as inflation, unemployment and recession, and how macroeconomic policies

The Multiplier Process as Market Exchange Process A Contribution to the micro Foundation of Keynesian macroeconomics Abstract Traditional equilibrium analysis has been incorrectly founded once an\ordering issue\is