The generation of metabolic energy is a major activity of all cells, and two cytoplasmic organelles are specifically devoted to energy metabolism and the production of ATP. Mitochondria are responsible for generating most of the useful energy from the breakdown of lipids and carbohydrates, and chloroplasts
1 Cell communication and what is cell signaling 2. Some of the basic characteristics of cell signaling systems 3. Main classes of cell-surface receptor proteins for secreted
1. What is the purpose of glycosylation? Not only membrane glycolipids but nearly all of the proteins produced on membrane-bound ribosomes -integral membrane proteins, soluble enzymes in the lumens of EMS organelles and secretory proteins include parts of ECM- become glycoproteins
1. Discovery of cell and the evolution of cell theory. (~1850s) MJ. Schleiden (1804-1884): Beitrage zur Phytogehesis(植物发 生论), Arch Anat Physiol 1838, 137-176