3.1Ⅹ Window系统 一、1980s初 MIT Window开发成功 二、1980s中第一个商业版本发布X10 三、1987X联盟成立发布X11R1

§19-1 热辐射 普朗克的量子假设Thermal Radiation and Plank’s theory of Radiation §19-2 光电效应 爱因斯坦的光子理论 The Photoelectric Effect and Einstein’s Quantum Theory §19-3 康普顿效应 The Compton Effect

An interesting property of an M/M/ 1 queue, which greatly simplifies combining these queues into a network, is the surprising fact that the output of an M/M/ queue with arrival rate is a Poisson process of rate This is part of Burke's theorem, which follows from reversibility A Markov chain has the property that P[future present, past] P[future present] Conditional on the present state, future states and past states are independent

一、矢量的环量 在场矢量A(空间中,取一有向闭合 △S=i△S 路径1,则称A(沿1积分的结果称为 矢量(r)沿1的环量。即:

声音在空气中的传播速度是340米/秒, 经过t秒钟后,它传播的距离 s=340t(米) 这是公式,也是我们将要讨论的函数。如 果已知时间t,就可算出传播的距离s来

决策要有一定的价值标准(或称为价值函数),在技术经济分析中,价值函数常用经济 效益表示,一般称为损益值。损益值(R)大小取决于决策对象所处的自然状态(S)和决 策者提出的策略方案(),即R=f(A,S) 根据对未来自然状态的把握程度不同,决策问题分为确定型决策、风险型决策和不确 定型决策

2-1投影及其特性 二维一三维,影与投影:(P55图3-1) 一、中心投影:投影线均交与一点,P56图3-2(a) 二、平行投影:投影线相互平行 1、斜投影:S倾斜于H,图3-2(b) 2、正投影:S垂直于H,图3-2(c),本课程重点研究

ECENOMIC S U.S. Real gross domestic Product

September 12, 2001 The Problem of Evil Last time we considered the ontological argument for the existence of God. If the argument is cogent, then we have reason to be rational theists, i.e., to maintain that there are justifying reasons for belief in God's existence. Today we're going to consider an argument for atheism which purports to show that theism is incoherent, i.e., that theism entails a contradiction. If the argument works, then the only option available to the theist would be irrational theism: belief in God's existence in spite of justifying reasons supporting

Primary Readings: DL-Chapter 4; JR-Chapter 3; Varian-Chapter 7 In most economic models, we start with an agent's utility function. The utility function basically maps from bundles that the agent might choose, to the real line. The utility function is quite convenient: it can be maximized and manipulated using mathematical tools. But the question is are we imposing some hidden or desirable assumptions when we take this approach ?prefeent's