学时数:10学时 一、制订本课程实验大纲的依据 依据农业资源与环境专业农业化学总论教学计划和教学大纲要求,为达到教学目的和要求而制定。 二、本课程实验教学的作用 要求学生牢固掌握和深入理解每个实验的基本原理和方法,实践中能够灵 活运用原理解决实际问题。 要求学生具有强烈的事业心和责任感,认真学好本专业,掌握实践技能, 以便将来胜任本专业工作。实验中要认真、仔细,爱护公共财务,严格遵守课 堂纪律,以保证顺利完成每次实验

一、在军事环境安全性与危险度评价中的应用 随着工业特别是化学工业的发展,比如食品的产量、质量的改进使大量化学物质随着 食品进入机体。世界上市售的化学物质已达到5万多种,每年进入市场的新化学物质约 100-1000种。高新武器和技术装备的增多,军事作业中的有害因素环境越来越广泛。人类 长期接触这些化学物质后可能引起的毒性(括“三致”)反应已引起广泛的关注

研究对象 化学反应的可能性问题，包括反应进行的方向和限度以及外界条件对平衡的影响。 局限性 不能解决反应的现实性问题，即反应的速率和反应的机理

pH of a buffer and buffer capacity Example: For a buffer solution consisting of 0. 1 M acetic acid and o1M sodium acetate the ph of the solution is 4.75 HAc= i If an amount of hydrochloric acid equivalent to 10% of the acetate present, is added to the buffer, what is the new pH of the solution?

Good Ozone and Bad Ozone Stratospheric ozone protect lives on Earth from harmful effects of UV radiation. .Iropospheric ozone: Causing respiratory distress and eye irritation Destroying plants Producing cracks in rubber Ozone is a strong oxidant, reacts with molecules containing C=C double bonds, forming epoxides

Whether and climate Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, humidity, winds and precipitation Climate is defined as the average weather over various time periods ranging from a few weeks to decades to geological timescales Whether and climate are ultimately determined by location, topography, and the exchange of radiant energy between the Sun, Earth, and space

The discovery of the ozone hole The British Antarctic Survey has been monitoring for many years, the total column ozone levels at its base at Halley bay in the antarctica Monitoring data indicate that column ozone levels have been decreasing since 1977. This observation was later confirmed by satellite

Toxic metals Some metals are essential for the normal development and well-being of humans and other creatures They include Na, K, ca, Mg, cu, Cr, and Zn Other metals are toxic even when present in an organism at very low concentrations Examples: Antimony, Arsenic, Barium

Chapter 1.a Fable for Tomorrow There was once a town in the heart of america where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grains and hillsides of orchards where in spring white clouds of bloom drifted

Acute(急性) and chronic(慢性) toxicity Acute toxicity refers to a rapid and serious response to a high but short-lived dose Acute poisons interfere with essential physiological processes, leading to a variety symptoms of distress, even death Chronic toxicity refers to a time-lagged response to a relatively low but prolonged exposure