一、消化管的一般结构 （一)粘膜: 上皮； 固有层； 粘膜肌层 (二)粘膜下层 (三)肌层: 内环行；外纵行 (四)外膜: 纤维膜或浆膜

一、鼻腔粘膜 二、喉 三、 气 管

General outline small digestive glands distributed in the wall of digestive tract esophageal glands, gastric glands and intestine glands large digestive glands outside the wall of digestive tract salivary glands, liver and pancreas

一、泌尿系统的发生 1、肾、输尿管：来自间介中胚层 2、膀胱、尿道：来自尿生殖窦（内胚层）

一、鳃器的发生 鳃器：是鳃弓、鳃沟、咽囊和鳃膜的总称

一、神经管和神经嵴的发生及早期分化 1、神经管和神经嵴的发生

digestive and respiratory system derived from primitive gut /foregut /midgut /hindgut ---epi. of digestive and respiratory system derived from endoderm ---CT and MT of digestive and respiratory system derived from splanchnic or visceral mesoderm

1. Development of branchial apparatus * branchial apparatus: including branchial arch, branchial groove, branchial membrane and branchial pouch

1. Components: ---testis: produce the male germ cells- gametes(sperm) produce androgen-testosterone ---gernital ducts: store and conduct the sperm epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory duct

1. Components ---nose ---pharynx ---larynx ---trachea ---bronchi ---lung