Ch. 12 Stochastic Process 1 Introduction a particularly important aspect of real observable phenomena, which the random variables concept cannot accommodate, is their time dimension; the concept of random variable is essential static. A number of economic phenomena for which we need to formulate probability models come in the form of dynamic processes

• 化学反应器和工业反应器的分类 • 化学计量学 • 加压下气相反应的反应焓和化学平衡常数 • 化学反应速率及动力学方程 • 温度对反应速率的影响及最佳反应温度 • 反应器设计基础及基本设计方程

❖ 化学反应器和工业反应器的分类 ❖ 化学计量学 ❖ 加压下气相反应的反应焓和化学平衡常数 ❖ 化学反应速率及动力学方程 ❖ 温度对反应速率的影响及最佳反应温度 ❖ 反应器设计基础及基本设计方程

一、异方差性的概念——违反基本假设的定义及违反的原因 二、异方差性的后果——违反基本假设会造成什么样的后果 三、异方差性的检验——怎样诊断是否违反基本假设 四、出现异方差时的补救措施——如何消除或减弱对基本假设的违反 五、案例

补救序列相关的基本思路 变换存在序列相关的模型,使变换后的新模 型具有无序列相关的随机误差项,这样新模 型满足基本假设,那么运用OLS进行估计以 及进行检验,就能得到理想可信的结果。 从随机误差项入手—变序列相关的随机误差 项为无序列相关的

一、序列相关性的概念——违反基本假设的定义及违反的原因 二、序列相关性的后果——违反基本假设会造成什么样的后果 三、序列相关性的检验——怎样诊断是否违反基本假设 四、具有序列相关性模型的估计——如何消除或减弱对基本假设的违反 五、案例

Ch. 16 Stochastic Model Building Unlike linear regression model which usually has an economic theoretic model built somewhere in economic literature, the time series analysis of a stochastic process needs the ability to relating a stationary ARMA model to real data. It is usually best achieved by a three-stage

Ch. 23 Cointegration 1 Introduction An important property of (1) variables is that there can be linear combinations of theses variables that are I(O). If this is so then these variables are said to be cointegrated. Suppose that we consider two variables Yt and Xt that are I(1) (For example, Yt= Yt-1+ St and Xt= Xi-1+nt.)Then, Yt and Xt are said to be cointegrated if there exists a B such

Ch. 4 Asymptotic Theory From the discussion of last Chapter it is obvious that determining the dis- tribution of h(X1, X2, . . Xr) is by no means a trival exercise. It turns out that more often than not we cannot determine the distribution exactly. Because of the importance of the problem, however, we are forced to develop approximations the subject of this Chapter

一、GLS法原理 二、异方差的来源及后果 三、异方差的检验 四、消除异方差和估计模型 五、EViews的应用 六、案例