要点：掌握统计推断的基本方法。了解统计推断的含义， 掌握参数估计和假设检验的基本思想。了解点估计量的性 质。初步掌握假设检验的显著性检验方法

Ch. 16 Stochastic Model Building Unlike linear regression model which usually has an economic theoretic model built somewhere in economic literature, the time series analysis of a stochastic process needs the ability to relating a stationary ARMA model to real data. It is usually best achieved by a three-stage

要点：掌握概率分布的基本特征。掌握总体的期望值、方 差、协方差、相关系数、偏度和峰度定义；掌握样本均值、 方差、协方差、相关系数、偏度和峰度定义；总体与样本 的区别与联系

Ch. 23 Cointegration 1 Introduction An important property of (1) variables is that there can be linear combinations of theses variables that are I(O). If this is so then these variables are said to be cointegrated. Suppose that we consider two variables Yt and Xt that are I(1) (For example, Yt= Yt-1+ St and Xt= Xi-1+nt.)Then, Yt and Xt are said to be cointegrated if there exists a B such

Ch. 4 Asymptotic Theory From the discussion of last Chapter it is obvious that determining the dis- tribution of h(X1, X2, . . Xr) is by no means a trival exercise. It turns out that more often than not we cannot determine the distribution exactly. Because of the importance of the problem, however, we are forced to develop approximations the subject of this Chapter

Ch.8 Nonspherical Disturbance This chapter will assume that the full ideal conditions hold except that the covari- ance matrix of the disturbance, i.e. E(EE)=02Q2, where Q is not the identity matrix. In particular, Q may be nondiagonal and / or have unequal diagonal ele- ments Two cases we shall consider in details are heteroscedasticity and auto-

▪ 10.1 时间序列分解 ▪ 10.2 长期趋势分析 ▪ 10.3 季节变动分析 ▪ 10.4 循环波动分析 ▪ 10.5 时间序列的自相关分析 ▪ 10.6 时间序列的动态分析指标 ▪ 10.7 景气循环分析

Ch. 7 Violations of the ideal conditions 1 ST pecification 1.1 Selection of variables Consider a initial model. which we assume that Y=x1/1+E, It is not unusual to begin with some formulation and then contemplate adding more variable(regressors) to the model

Ch. 6 The Linear model under ideal conditions The(multiple) linear model is used to study the relationship between a dependent variable(Y) and several independent variables(X1, X2, ,Xk). That is ∫(X1,X2,…,Xk)+ E assume linear function 1X1+B2X2+…+6kXk+E xB+ where Y is the dependent or explained

对于 i i i y = b + b x + ε 1 2 (与教材中的符号不同)，应记住以下 OLS 估计与检验的计算公式： (其中 n 为样本个数， k 为包括自变量和因变量在内的变量个数)