§5.3 变分法 §5.4 含时微扰 §5.5 跃迁概率 Fermi黄金规则 §5.6 含时微扰与定态微扰论的关系 §5.7 光的发射和吸收、选择定则

§5.6与时间有关的微扰理论 §5.7跃迁几率 §5.8光的发射与吸收 §5.9 选择定则 §5.10 变分法

Nobel lecture december 12, 1933 On passing through an optical instrument, such as a telescope or a camera lens, a ray of light is subjec reflecting surface. The path of the rays can be constructed if we know the two simple laws which govern the changes in direction: the law of refrac- tion which was discovered by Snellius a few hundred years ago, and the law of reflection with which Archimedes was familiar more than 2,000 years ago

When in 1920 I resumed my studies of theoretical physics which had long been interrupted by circumstances beyond my control, I was far from the idea that my studies would bring me several years later to receive such a higl and envied prize as that awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences each year to a scientist: the Nobel Prize for Physics. What at that time drew me towards theoretical physics was not the hope that such a high distinction

That streams of electrons possess the properties of beams of waves was dis- covered early in 1927 in a large industrial laboratory in the midst of a great city, and in a small university laboratory overlooking a cold and desolate sea. The coincidence seems the more striking when one remembers that facil- ities for making this discovery had been in constant use in laboratories throughout the world for more than a quarter of a century. And yet the coincidence was not, in fact, in any way remarkable. Discoveries in physics are made when the time for making them is ripe, and not before; the stage is set, the time is ripe, and the event occurs-more often than not at widely separated places at almost the same moment

1885巴尔默 (Johann Jakob Balmer,1825-1898)发现能够描述四种光谱 波长的公式,后来 Angstrom发现这些谱线属于氢原子 1893维恩 Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto fritz franz Wien,1864-1928)在实验 上发现热体最大辐射的波长反比于温度(维恩定律)。维恩在炉子上钻 了一个小孔,模拟理论黑体

Ever since last Novem ber, I have been wanting to ex press in person my gratit ude to the generas ity of Alfred Nobel, to w hom i ow e it t hat I am privileged be here today, es pecial y since ill ness prevented me from doi ng so at the proper time. the idealism w hic h permeated his char acter led him to make his magnifice nt foundation for the benefit of a cl ass of men with w hose aims and view poi nt his ow n scienti fic instincts and a bility had made him naturally his

一个关于量子力学家沃纳·海森堡的故事, 在他临终之前,他说有两个问题想问上帝, 一个是为什么有相对性,另一个是为什么有 波动。海森堡说:“我想上帝可能对第一个问 题有答案

用 Mathematica V44.0系统的指令,对应的计算过程可表述为: MATHEMATICA V4.0

8.1粒子在中心力场中的运动问题 设电子与原子核的约化质量为=m,V(r)=-e,哈密顿量为