《审计学》课程教学资源：教学案例和专题拓展（共十二章）

Introduction A corporation is a form of business organization in which ownership is usually represented by transferable stock certificates -Stockholders have limited liability Corporations are independent legal entities · Can make contracts, hold property, incur debt, sue, and be sued

Introduction A key policy question is how do households respond to the incentives presented in the U.S. tax code? We will examine: Labor supply -Saving Housing Portfolio Composition

Introduction Many policies center around whether the tax burden is distributed fairly. Not as simple as analyzing how much in taxes each person actually paid, because of tax-induced changes to price

What's Special About Health Care? Health care costs are large and growing fast Number of reasons why First Welfare Theorem may be violated Poor information(physician induced demand) Adverse selection and moral hazard Disease externalities

Social Insurance Programs Generally share 4 characteristics: Participation is mandatory Eligibility and benefits depend on prior contributions Benefits begin with an identifiable occurrence Programs are not means-tested

Political Economy Defined Political Economy is the application of economic principles to the analysis of political decision making. -elf- -interestin- the marketplace, this often leads to efficiency; different implications in \political market. Maximization-one goal may be to maximize social welfare

Public Goods Defined Pure public goods share two characteristics Nonrival Cost of another person consuming the good is zero Nonexcludable-Very expensive to prevent others from consuming the good

Public Finance Defined Public finance is about the taxing and spending activities of the government. Also known as \public sector economics\or \public economics.\ Focus is on microeconomic functions of government- polices that affect overall unemployment or price levels are left for macroeconomics

1. Adverse selection(逆向选择) The situation that occurs when the people who are most likely to receive benefits from a certain type of insurance are the ones who are most likely to purchase it