What is Chromatin remodeling Chromatin remodeling(染色质重构)isan important epigenetic mechanism. Chemical modification of the protruding histone tails by the addition of acetyl methyl or phosphate groups can alter chromatin structure, which in turn influences the activity of adjacent genes

Muscle cells But if in the same organIsm, should have the same DNA per Nerve cells( cell Different cells have different clusters of genes active Development and differentiation of embryos is controlled by signaling molecules that alter gene expression in cells

9. The Producer's Problem a. Firms and Maximization b. Production Functions C. Supply and Profit Functions d. Cost Functions e. Duality and Producers f. Application: Urban Systems

8. Financial Markets a. Insurance Markets b. Moral Hazard C. Adverse Selection with one price contracts d. Simple Financial Markets-Comparative Statics e. Option Pricing and Redundant Assets

7. More on Uncertainty Prospect Theory, LoSS Aversion b. Subjective Utility and Common Knowledge Risk Aversion d. First and Second Order stochastic Dominance Asset demand and risk Aversion

6. Choice Under Uncertainty a. Representing Uncertainty: Lotteries and Compound Lotteries b. Axioms of Expected Utility C. The Expected Utility Theory d. Empirical Challenges to Expected Utility Theory-the Paradox Business e. Application: Crime and punishment

5. Aggregating Consumers Consumer Heterogeneity and a Discrete good b. The Properties of Aggregate Demand The Existence of a representative Consumer d. Externalities e. The Social Multiplier

4. Welfare Analysis and Other Issues a. Measuring Welfare b. First Order and Second Order Losses C. Taxes and Welfare d. Household Production (did last class) e. The Hedonic Approach

3. Comparative Statics a. Indirect Utility Functions b. Expenditure Functions and duality C. Expenditure Function and Price Indices d. Slutsky via Utility Functions e. Slutsky via Preferences

2. Choice and Utility Functions a. Choice in Consumer Demand Theory and Walrasian Demand b. Properties of demand from continuity and properties from WARP . Representing Preferences with a Utility Function d. Demand as Derived from Utility Maximization e. Application: Fertility