Many other pairs of reagents that form cabocations (orcarbocationlike species) may be used as well

If a chiral atom attached to the carbonyl group, the stereoselectivity of nucleophilic addition follows the Cram’s rule

21.11 Aryl Halide and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 21.12 Spectroscopic Analysis of Phenols and Aryl Halides

Substitution reactions occur when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products. In a substitution, one replaces another

Infrared Spectroscopy: An Instrumental Method for detecting Functional Groups

17.7 Lithium Enolates 17.8 α-Selenation: A Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 17.9 Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones

9.1 醛 酮的结构 命名和物理性质 Structure, Nomenclature and Physical Properties 9.2 醛酮的制备 Preparations

厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第八章 醇和醚 Alcohols and Ethers 8.2 醚 Ethers

Alkenes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon double bond. Alkynes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon triple bond

Acetylenic hydrogens can be deprotonated with relatively strong bases (sodium amide is typical)