Types of Costs Fixed Costs Variable costs (Overhead) Costs that don°t Costs that do vary vary with sales or directly with the production levels level of production

Objectives a Retailing n Wholesaling a Market logistics

Objectives Developing Managing an Advertising Program Deciding on Media Measuring Effectiveness Sales Promotion Public relations

High Performance Business Set strategies to satisfy key. Stake- holders By improving Processes critical business and Resources aligning a Organization

Research Approaches observational Focus-group Survey Behavioral Experimental C2000 Prentice Hall

Analyzing Consumer Markets and Buying Behavior Marketing Management Tenth edition Philip Kotler

Analyzing Competitors Objectives Strategies Competitor Actions Reaction Patterns Strengths Weaknesses

Services Differentiation Ordering Customer Installation Ease Consulting Delivery Customer Maintenance Training/& Repair

当我们在时域上对控制系统进行分析研究时,我们运用二阶系统 作为研究各种指标如超调量、上升时间、调节时间等的模型。尽管这 些指标特别针对二阶系统,但是我们也会发现对于分析更复杂的系统 它们也是很有用的。我们所作的基本假设是,对大多数系统来说,存 在一对主导极点,它们可以决定更大、更复杂系统的总的行为

什么是地理信息系统—GIS ❑ GIS的概念框架 GIS的定义、理解和框架体系结构 ❑ GIS的基本内容 GIS技术涉及的基本内容 ❑ GIS的组成 硬件、软件、空间数据、管理人员 ❑ GIS的功能 基本要求、具体功能：数据采集、传输、管理和应用 ❑ GIS的特性与相关学科 GIS的学科树、GIS与相关系统区别和联系 ❑ GIS的应用领域 GIS应用与3S集成技术