Significance General condition comprehension Confirm history information Specific sign collection for the diagnosis of certain disease infers certain accessory examines Grossly preclude some certain disorders Contribute a relation between the physician and the patient

Five Ways of GI Bleeding Hematemesis: vomitting of blood of altered blood coffee grounds) indicates bleeding proximal to ligament of Treitz Melena: Tarry stool. Altered (black) blood per rectum(>60ml) Hematochezia: Bright red or maroon rectal bleeding implies bleeding beyond

It is well known that advances in scientific medicine have occasionally threatened to displace the history and physical examination in the evaluation of the patient. However, we usually discover that technologic advances serve to make the physical examination more rational and provide new understanding or objective documentation of long- appreciated physical finding

 空间分析技术发展 ❑ 各种地图应用（英国的医学应用） ❑ 定量分析空间对象的分布模式 ❑ 地理空间本身特征、空间决策过程、时空演化过程 等 空间分析发展存在问题 ❑ 地图的直观性，忽视地图信息的解析性和复杂性， 缺少对地图应用的研究 ❑ 数字地图改变了地图的应用方式，展示了更为广阔 的应用领域和更为灵活的应用方式 ❑ 空间分析是GIS区别与其他信息系统的标志，是GIS 技术的一个主要发展方向：管理型想分析决策型转 变

系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是一种病因未 明的自身免疫性结缔组织病,临床主 要特点为患者体内产生多种致病性自 身抗体和免疫复合物,造成多系统、 多脏器的损伤。SLE常被称为自身免疫 性疾病的原型

Background of asthma Prevalence in the world: 1.6 hundred million in China:1-3 in Shenyang: 1.24 %(1999) GINA: Global Initiative for Asthma(1994) WHO/HLBI Bronchial asthmatic diagnosis guideline (1997) Chinese medical academy

Objective 1.Mastering clinical manifestation ,diagnosis and management of heart failure 2.Grasping causes,pathophysiology of heart failure 3. Understanding classification and investigation of heart failure

Concept: systemic blood pressure increased, target organ damaged (brain, heart, eye, kidney, vessel), metabolism changed 线· Essential hypertension(ET: un known cause, 95%, hypertensive disease. Secondary hypertension(ST): known cause, 1 5%

1.风湿性疾病 英: rheumatic diseases 日:宀了千性疾患 2.弥漫性结缔组织病 yi: diffuse connective tissue diseases dCtD 日:广泛性结合组织病

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both