The safe and reliable long-term disposal of solid waste residues is an important component of integrated waste management. Solid waste residues are waste components that are not recycled, that remain after processing at a materials recovery facility, or that remain after the recovery of conversion products and/or energy. Historically, solid waste has been placed in the soil in the earth's surface or deposited in the oceans

Solid wastes include all solid or semisolid materials that the possessor no longer considers of sufficient value to retain. The management of these waste materials is the fundamental concern of all the activities encompassed in solid waste management—whether the planning level is local, regional or subregional, or state and federal. For this reason, it is important to know as much about municipal solid waste (MSW) as possible. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the sources, types, and composition of solid wastes

The control of particulates and VOCs is mostly accomplished by physical processes (cyclones, ESPs, filters, leakage control, vapor capture, condensation) that do not involve changing the chemical nature of the pollutant. Some particles and VOCs are chemically changed into harmless materials by combustion. This chapter and the next concern pollutants--sulfur oxides and nitrogen

Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes and air emissions. The liquid waste-wastewater, is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been used in a variety of applications. From the standpoint of sources of generation, wastewater may be defined as a combination of the liquid or water-carried wastes removed from residences

The first three types of control devices we consider--gravity settlers, cyclone separators, and electrostatic precipitators--all function by driving the particles to a solid wall, where they adhere to each other to form agglomerates that can be removed from the collection device and disposed of

7-1 Introduction to the Activated-Sludge Process Historical Development Experiments conducted at the Lawrence Experiment Station during 1912 and 1913 by Clark and Gage With air input into wastewater, growths of organisms could be cultivated in bottles and in tanks partially filled with roofing slate spaced about 25 mm (1 in) apart and would greatly increase the degree of purification

Treatment methods in which the application of physical forces predominate are known as physical unit operations. Examples of physical unit operations include screening, mixing, sedimentation, gas transfer, filtration, and adsorption. Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of constituents is brought about by the addition

一、大气污染 1. 大气组成 大气是人类及一切生物赖以生存必不可少的物质和基本的环境要素之一，是自然环境的重要 组成部分。成年人每天要吸入 10～12m3 空气，质量约 13—15kg，总计要呼吸两万多次。一般， 人缺乏食物约可生存 5 周；断绝饮水，约可生存 5 天；而离开空气，则 5min 就会死亡。人类生 存需要的是新鲜、清洁的空气，通常认为海平面附近的空气是干燥洁净空气，其组成基本上不变。 为了研究评价大气质量和大气污染现象，首先要了解大气的组成

大气污染物主要来源于工业废气的排放，可以采用各种方法控制和治理废气。按废气来源分 类可分为工艺生产尾气治理方法、燃料燃烧废气治理方法、汽车尾气治理方法等；按废气中污染 物的物理形态可分为颗粒污染物治理(除尘)方法和气态污染物治理方法

声音（包括噪声）的形成，必须具备三个要素，首先要有产生振动的物体，即声源，其次要 有能够传播声波的媒介，最后还要有声的接受器，如人耳、传声器等