一、RNA转录概述 二、细菌的RNA聚合酶及其转录 三、真核生物的RNA聚合酶及其转录 四、真核生物基因转录的启动子 五、Ⅱ类基因转录的转录因子和转录起始复合物

24.1 Introduction 24.2 Clonal selection amplifies lymphocytes that respond to individual antigens 24.3 Immunoglobulin genes are assembled from their parts in lymphocytes 24.4 Light chains are assembled by a single recombination 24.5 Heavy chains are assembled by two recombinations 24.6 Recombination generates extensive diversity 24.7 Avian immunoglobulins are assembled from pseudogenes 24.8 Immune recombination uses two types of consensus sequence 24.9 Recombination generates deletions or inversions 24.10 The RAG proteins catalyze breakage and reunion 24.11 Allelic exclusion is triggered by productive rearrangement 24.12 DNA recombination causes class switching 24.13 Early heavy chain expression can be changed by RNA processing 24.14 Somatic mutation generates additional diversity 24.15 B cell development and memory 24.16 T-cell receptors are related to immunoglobulins 24.17 The major histocompatibility locus codes for many genes of the immune system

14.1 Introduction 14.2 Breakage and reunion involves heteroduplex DNA 14.3 Double-strand breaks initiate recombination 14.4 Double-strand breaks initiate snapsis 14.5 Bacterial recombination involves single-strand assimilation 14.6 Gene conversion accounts for interallelic recombination 14.7 Topological manipulation of DNA 14.8 Specialized recombination involves breakage and reunion at specific sites 14.9 Repair systems correct damage to DNA 14.10 Excision repair systems in E. coli 14.11 Controlling the direction of mismatch repair 14.12 Retrieval systems in E. coli 14.13 RecA triggers the SOS system 14.14 Eukaryotic repair systems

17.1 Introduction 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 17.3 The mating response activates a G protein 17.4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17.5 The MAT locus codes for regulator proteins 17.6 Silent cassettes at HML and HMR are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17.8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17.10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17.12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17.14 Transfer of T-DNA resembles bacterial conjugation 17.15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17.16 Transfection introduces exogenous DNA into cells 17.17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17.18 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17.19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out

16.1 Introduction 16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition-like events 16.3 Retroviral genes codes for polyproteins 16.4 Viral DNA is generated by reverse transcription 16.5 Viral DNA integrates into the chromosome 16.6 Retroviruses may transduce cellular sequences 16.7 Yeast Ty elements resemble retroviruses 16.8 Many transposable elements reside in D. melanogaster 16.9 Retroposons fall into two classes 16.10 The Alu family has many widely dispersed members

12.1 Introduction 12.2 Replicons can be linear or circular 12.3 Origins can be mapped by autoradiography and electrophoresis 12.4 The bacterial genome is a single circular replicon 12.5 Each eukaryotic chromosome contains many replicons 12.6 Isolating the origins of yeast replicons 12.7 D loops maintain mitochondrial origins 12.8 The problem of linear replicons

Cloning vectors: 克隆载体 to clone a gene in a vector Expression vectors: 表达载体 to express a gene from a vector Integration vectors: 整合载体 to integrate a gene in a genome through a vector Cloning vectors 1 Plasmid vecters 2 Bacteriophage vectors 3 Cosmids & BACs 4 Eukaryotic vectors Cloning vectors: allowing the exogenous DNA to be inserted, stored, and manipulated mainly at DNA level. expression vectors: allowing the exogenous DNA to be inserted, stored, and expressed

7.1 真核生物的基因结构与转录活性 7. 2 真核基因的转录 7. 3 反式作用因子 7. 4 真核基因转录调控的主要模式 7. 5 其他水平上的基因调控

(一)名词解释 1.翻译2.密码子3.密码的简并性4.同义密码子5.变偶假说6.移码 突变7.同功受体8.多核糖体 (二)问答题 1.参与蛋白质生物合成体系的组分有哪些?它们具有什么功能? 2.遗传密码是如何破译的? 3.遗传密码有什么特点?

6. 1 原核基因表达调控总论 6. 2 乳糖操纵子与负控诱导系统 6. 3 色氨酸操纵子与负控阻遏系统 6. 4 其他操纵子 6. 5 固氮基因调控 6. 6 转录后调控