一、信息、地理信息 1、信息和数据 信息（Information）是用文字、数字、符号、语言、图像等介质来表示事件、事物、现象 等的内容、数量或特征，从而向人们（或系统）提供关于现实世界新的事实和知识，作为生 产、建设、经营、管理、分析和决策的依据。信息具有客观性、适用性、可传输性和共享性 等特征。信息来源于数据（Data）

Determining wastewater flowrates and constituent mass loadings is a fundamental step in initiating the conceptual process design of wastewater treatment facilities. Reliable data for existing and projected flowrates affect the hydraulic characteristics, sizing, and operational considerations of the treatment system components

Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook microorganisms, mammalian cells, plant cells, and tissue. It is our sincere hope that the reader will find this chapter helpful in determining the best conditions for cultivation and the collection of scale-up data. Hopehlly, this knowledge will, in turn, facilitate the transformation of worthwhle research

Responsible for reliable transmission of packets over a link – Framing: Determine t he star t and end of packets (sec 2.5) – Error Detection: Determine w hen a packet contains errors (sec 2.3) – Error recovery: Retransmissio n of packets containing errors (sec 2..4)

American Production Data

Computer networks are geographically distributed collections of communication links and switching proces￾sors, the purpose of which is to transport data between computers, workstations, and terminals. In general the elements of a computer network must follow compatible rules of operation together to function effectively. These rules of operation are known as protocols

Satellite CommunicationsArchitecture Identify Requirements Specify Architectures Determine Link Data Rates Design & Size each link Document your rationale

HIGH RESOLUTION SIGNAL CONDITIONING ADCs Walt Kester, James Bryant, Joe Buxton The trend in ADCs and DACs is toward higher speeds and higher resolutions at reduced power levels. Modern data converters generally operate

Motivation The Poisson problem has a strong formulation; a minimization formulation; and a weak formulation. The minimization/weak formulations are more general than the strong formulation in terms of reqularity and admissible data

1 Motivation The Poisson problem has a strong formulation a minimization formulation and a weak formulation T weak formulations are more general than the strong formulation in terms of regularity and admissible data SLIDE 2 The minimization/weak formulations are defined by: a space X; a bilinear The minimization/weak formulations identify ESSENTIAL boundary conditions NATURAL boundary conditions ed in a The points of departure for the finite element method are the weak formulation(more generally) the minimization statement (if a is SPD) 2 The dirichlet problem 2.1 Strong Formulation Find u such that