微元法 我们先回忆一下求曲边梯形面积S 的步骤:对区间[, ] a b 作划分 ax x x x b = 012 < < <\< n = , 然后在小区间 ],[ 1 ii xx − 中任取点ξ i ,并记 =Δ − iii −1 xxx ,这样就得到了小 曲边梯形面积的近似值 i ii Δ ≈ ξ )( ΔxfS 。最后,将所有的小曲边梯形面积 的近似值相加,再取极限,就得到
Stability Condition in Terms of the Pole Locations A causal LTI digital filter is BIBO stable if and only if its impulse response h[n] is absolutely summable, i.e., We now develop a stability condition in terms of the pole locations of the transfer function H(z)
平推流反应器 Piston Flow Reactor (PFR) 活塞流模型或理想置换模型 This type of units is illustrated in the following figure. This reactor consists of a tube inside which the reaction medium flows. This makes i t t h e s i m p l e s t s t r u c t u r e conceivable f or a continuou s o p e r a ti o n s ys t em . Th e h ea t exchange necessary to add heat to the system or to remove it generally occurs ac ros s the tube wall
A ring that contains at least one heteroatom (an atom other than carbon) is called a heterocycle, and a substance based on a heterocyclic ring is a heterocyclic compound. Heterocyclic compounds containing N, O or S are by far the most common
Discrete-Time Systems A discrete-time system processes a given input sequence x[] to generates an output sequencey[n] with more desirable properties In most applications, the discrete-time system is a single-input, single-output system: