一、是脊椎动物进化历程中的一个重要类群,处于从水生向陆生过渡的中间地位。 二、是硬骨鱼类中的古总鳍鱼类在泥盆纪期演化而来

production of plasma cells and memory B cells can be divided into three broad stages: generation of mature, immunocompetent B cells(maturation), activa- Initial Contact between b and T cells tion of mature B cells when they interact with antigen, and differentiation of activated B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells. In many vertebrates, ng humans B-Cell maturation and mice, the bone marrow generates B cells. This process

recognition by most T cells from recognition by B iction. In most cases, both th maturati vation of ma the involver diversity o CD4\ and CD class I MHC Activat Engagement of TcR by Peptide: MHC Initiates interaction of th n antigenic Signal Transduction tide displayed though the sp

that peptides derived from the antigen be displayed within the cleft of an MHC peptide-Mhcthe m ormation of the Antigen Processing for Presentation by Class I MHC Molecules Self-MHC Restriction of T Cells Class tides that Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells Evidence for Two Processing and Presentation Pathways

present on the B-cell membrane and secreted by plasma cells. Membrane-bound antibody con- fers antigenic specificity on B cells; antigen-specific prolifer- ation of B-cell clones is elicted by the interaction of membrane antibody with antigen Secreted antibodies ci culate in the blood, where they serve as the effectors of hu- moral immunity by searching out and neutralizing antigens or marking them for elimination. All antibodies share struc

一、填空题 1体内糖原降解选用 方式切断a-1,4-糖苷键,选用 方式切断a-1,6-糖苷键。对应的酶分别是和 2.葡萄糖在无氧条件下氧化、并产生能量的过程称为也叫途径。实际上葡萄糖有氧分解的前十步反应也与之相同

第一节 数量性状及其特性 一、数量性状和质量性状 二、数量性状的多基因假说 第二节 分析数量性状的基本统计方法 一、平均数 二、方差 三、标准误 第三节 遗传变异和遗传率 一、遗传率 二、广义遗传率及其估计 三、狭义遗传率及其估计 第四节 近亲繁殖与杂种优势 一、近亲繁殖的概念 二、自交的遗传效应 三、近交系数的计算 四、杂种优势

第六章酶 第一节概述 第二节酶的命名与分类 第三节酶分子的组成与结构 第四节酶催化作用的机制 第五节酶促反应动力学 第七节酶工程简介

细胞质中能自我复制的遗传物质称胞质基因。现已证明,植物细胞质中的叶绿体和线粒体都含有自己的DNA及整套的转录和翻译系型,首先要获得胞质杂种

对原生质体的分离、培养、融合及植株再生方面进行了简要的论述并根据对有关 文献的分析,讨论了原生质体研究中存在的问题及今后的发展趋势,指出植物原生质体的游 离、培养和融合技术在近20多年来得到了迅速的发展,今后在进一步加强原生质体培养基础 理论研究的同时,重点放在利用原生质体融合技术进行遗传性状的改良,以获得优良性状的个 体并通过无性途径固定下来