17.1 Introduction 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 17.3 The mating response activates a G protein 17.4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17.5 The MAT locus codes for regulator proteins 17.6 Silent cassettes at HML and HMR are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17.8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17.10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17.12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17.14 Transfer of T-DNA resembles bacterial conjugation 17.15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17.16 Transfection introduces exogenous DNA into cells 17.17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17.18 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17.19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out

第三节 色氨酸操纵子 Trp操纵子的结构 可阻遏的负调控-粗调 弱化系统-细调 第四节 其他操纵子 半乳糖操纵子 阿拉伯糖操纵子 第六节 转录后水平的调控 一．反义RNA—与mRNA互补的RNA 二．翻译量的调控 重叠基因的控制-两种蛋白的等量翻译 稀有密码子的影响-数量较少的蛋白 三、核糖体蛋白合成自体调控 四、翻译时的通读和移码-RF2的自体调控 五、信息体（informasome） 六、翻译中的弱化子控制

一、RNA转录概述 二、细菌的RNA聚合酶及其转录 三、真核生物的RNA聚合酶及其转录 四、真核生物基因转录的启动子 五、Ⅱ类基因转录的转录因子和转录起始复合物

16.1 Introduction 16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition-like events 16.3 Retroviral genes codes for polyproteins 16.4 Viral DNA is generated by reverse transcription 16.5 Viral DNA integrates into the chromosome 16.6 Retroviruses may transduce cellular sequences 16.7 Yeast Ty elements resemble retroviruses 16.8 Many transposable elements reside in D. melanogaster 16.9 Retroposons fall into two classes 16.10 The Alu family has many widely dispersed members

12.1 Introduction 12.2 Replicons can be linear or circular 12.3 Origins can be mapped by autoradiography and electrophoresis 12.4 The bacterial genome is a single circular replicon 12.5 Each eukaryotic chromosome contains many replicons 12.6 Isolating the origins of yeast replicons 12.7 D loops maintain mitochondrial origins 12.8 The problem of linear replicons

一、基因表达调控的基本概念 二、原核基因调控机制 三、乳糖操纵子 四、色氨酸操纵子 五、其他操纵子 六、转录后水平上的调控

现代科学认为,疾病的发生直接或间接与基因有关 经典单基因病 人类疾病都是:“基因病”多基因病 获得性基因病。经典单基因病:主要病因是某个基因位点上产生

9.1 Introduction 9.2 Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase 9.3 The transcription reaction has three stages 9.4 A stalled RNA polymerase can restart 9.5 RNA polymerase consists of multiple subunits 9.6 RNA Polymerase consists of the core enzyme and sigma factor 9.7 Sigma factor is released at initiation 9.8 Sigma factor controls binding to DNA 9.9 Promoter recognition depends on consensus sequences

3.1 基本概念 ( Basic Concept ) 3.2 复制起点与方向 （replication origin & direction ） 3.3 DNA的半保留复制 (Semi-Conservation Replication) 3.4 DNA复制机制 Mechanism of DNA replication 3.5 DNA的复制基因与酶类体系 Genes and Enzymology of DNA Replication 3.6 线状DNA的复制及避免5’-end shorten的模式 3.7 DNA复制调控 ColEI plasmid as example (Relaxed type15-20 copies) 3.8 DNA Methylation (m5C in Eukaryote)

23.1 Introduction 23.2 Group I introns undertake self-splicing by transesterification 23.3 Group I introns form a characteristic secondary structure 23.4 Ribozymes have various catalytic activities 23.5 Some introns code for proteins that sponsor mobility 23.6 The catalytic activity of RNAase P is due to RNA 23.7 Viroids have catalytic activity 23.8 RNA editing occurs at individual bases