The most common gene change involves a single base mismatch--a misspelling--placing the wrong base in the DNA. At other times, a single base may be dropped or added. And sometimes large pieces of DNA are mistakenly repeated or deleted

Medical genetics 2. Inborn errors of metabolism Inborn errors of metabolism are are genetic disorders in which the body cannot turn food into energy (metabolize food) normally. The disorders are usually caused by defects in the enzymes involved in the biochemical pathways that break down food components

第一节 染色体 第二节 染色体畸变 一、 染色体结构改变 二、 染色体数目改变 第三节 细胞分裂

The Science of Genetics Cellular Reproduction Mendelism: The Basic Principles of Inheritance CHAPTER 4 Extensions of Mendelism The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelism Variation in Chromosome Number and Structure Linkage, Crossing Over, and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses DNA and the Molecular Structure of Chromosomes Replication of DNA and Chromosomes Translation and the Genetic Code Mutation, DNA Repair, and Recombination The Techniques of Molecular Genetics Genomics Applications of Molecular Genetics Transposable Genetic Elements Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes The Genetic Control of Animal Development The Genetic Basis of Cancer Inheritance of Complex Traits Population Genetics Evolutionary Genetics Transcription and RNA Processing

1. What is gene therapy? 2. How does gene therapy work? 3. The current status of gene therapy research 4. Factors kept gene therapy effective 5. Some recent developments 6. Some of the ethical considerations

2. Inborn Errors of Metabolism Inborn errors of metabolism are rare genetic disorders in which the body cannot turn food into energy (metabolize food) normally. The disorders are usually caused by defects in the enzymes involved in the biochemical pathways that break down food components

基因定位 gene location 连锁分析(linkage analysis) 体细胞杂交法（somatic cell hybridization） 克隆嵌板法（clone panel method） 原位杂交（in situ hybridization） 荧光原位杂交（florescence in-situ hybridization,FISH） 基因定位的应用 人类基因组计划

◼ Introduction of the basic concepts 2. What Causes Cancer? ◼ Genetic underpinnings of cancer ◼ Three types of Cancer Critical Genes ◼ Cancer initiation and progression 3. How to Prevent and Diagnose Cancer? ◼ Utilization the knowledge we learned from cancer genetics Outline

◼ 前言 ◼ 遗传咨询的临床基础 ◼ 遗传病的再发风险率的估计 ◼ 遗传病的群体筛查 ◼ 遗传与优生

◼ 前言 ◼ 肿瘤发生的遗传现象 ◼ 癌基因 ◼ 肿瘤抑制基因 ◼ 肿瘤的多步骤发生和癌基因组解剖学计划