Concept A protective reflex that can be controlledconsciously Remove excessive secretion & foreignmaterial from the airway Initiated by miscellaneous stimuli or byvoluntary exertion. The most common respiratory symptom

CONTENT Definition of hematuria Etiology Clinical feature Differential diagnosis Laboratory tests Accompanied symptoms

Definition A clinical apparent increase inthe interstitial fluid volume. Distribution: localgeneral Special form: asciteshydrothorax

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CONTENT Definition Etiology and clinical appearance Accompanied symptoms Approach to the patient

1 血管解剖 2 超声检查方法及超声表现 3 4 静脉疾病的超声表现 5 动静脉瘘的超声表现

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